General Information

  • ID:  hor000002
  • Uniprot ID:  P35318
  • Protein name:  Adrenomedullin
  • Gene name:  ADM
  • Organism:  Homo sapiens (Human)
  • Family:  Adrenomedullin family
  • Source:  Human
  • Expression:  Highest levels found in pheochromocytoma and adrenal medulla. Also found in lung, ventricle and kidney tissues.
  • Disease:  Diseases associated with ADM include Pheochromocytoma and Pulmonary Hypertension.
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Homo (genus), Homininae (subfamily), Hominidae (family), Hominoidea (superfamily), Catarrhini (parvorder), Simiiformes (infraorder), Haplorrhini (suborder), Primates (order), Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding; GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0031700 adrenomedullin receptor binding
  • GO BP:  GO:0001570 vasculogenesis; GO:0001666 response to hypoxia; GO:0001843 neural tube closure; GO:0002026 regulation of the force of heart contraction; GO:0002031 G protein-coupled receptor internalization; GO:0003073 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; GO:0006954 inflammatory response; GO:0007165 signal transduction; GO:0007189 adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0007204 positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; GO:0007507 heart development; GO:0007565 female pregnancy; GO:0008209 androgen metabolic process; GO:0008283 cell population proliferation; GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation; GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell population proliferation; GO:0010033 response to organic substance; GO:0010460 positive regulation of heart rate; GO:0019933 cAMP-mediated signaling; GO:0031100 animal organ regeneration; GO:0031102 neuron projection regeneration; GO:0031623 receptor internalization; GO:0032496 response to lipopolysaccharide; GO:0032868 response to insulin; GO:0035809 regulation of urine volume; GO:0042475 odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth; GO:0042594 response to starvation; GO:0043065 positive regulation of apoptotic process; GO:0043116 negative regulation of vascular permeability; GO:0045766 positive regulation of angiogenesis; GO:0045906 negative regulation of vasoconstriction; GO:0048589 developmental growth; GO:0051384 response to glucocorticoid; GO:0060670 branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis; GO:0060712 spongiotrophoblast layer development; GO:0097084 vascular associated smooth muscle cell development; GO:1990410 adrenomedullin receptor signaling pathway; GO:2000184 positive regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process; GO:2001214 positive regulation of vasculogenesis
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0005737 cytoplasm

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  YRQSMNNFQGLRSFGCRFGTCTVQKLAHQIYQFTDKDKDNVAPRSKISPQGY
  • Length:  52(95-146)
  • Propeptide:  MKLVSVALMYLGSLAFLGADTARLDVASEFRKKWNKWALSRGKRELRMSSSYPTGLADVKAGPAQTLIRPQDMKGASRSPEDSSPDAARIRVKRYRQSMNNFQGLRSFGCRFGTCTVQKLAHQIYQFTDKDKDNVAPRSKISPQGYGRRRRRSLPEAGPGRTLVSSKPQAHGAPAPPSGSAPHFL
  • Signal peptide:  MKLVSVALMYLGSLAFLGADT
  • Modification:  T52 Tyrosine amide
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  Adrenomedullin has broad bacteriocidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria;a potential immune suppressor substance abd inhibit macrophage function;adrenomedullin promotes proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells;Adre
  • Mechanism:  AM released from oligodendroglial cells may play a role in the regulation of oligodendrocytes via autocrine/paracrine through AM receptors and CGRP1 receptors;adrenomedullin promotes proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells via a cAMP/PKA dependent pathway;Adrenomedullin protects against myocardial infarction arrhythmia and apoptosis in ischemia and reperfusion injury via suppression of oxidative stress-induced Bax and p38 MAPK phosphorylation and activation of the Akt-Bad-Bcl-2 signaling pathway;AM plays a role in the regulation of HASMC contraction by antagonizing the Ang II effects
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  RAMP2, CALCRL
  • Target Unid:  O60895, Q16602
  • IC50: Ang II:19 nM
  • EC50: cAMP:18nM;Ang II:1.3 nM
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: 0.6202 (1st plasma half life) minutes; /37.2 seconds ( PubMed ID: 24874704 )

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  16-21
  • Structure ID:  2l7s(PDB_ID)/AF-P35318-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    2l7s.pdbhor000002_AF2.pdbhor000002_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 694165 Formula: C264H407N79O78S3
Absent amino acids: EW Common amino acids: Q
pI: 10.07 Basic residues: 9
Polar residues: 19 Hydrophobic residues: 12
Hydrophobicity: -88.65 Boman Index: -13562
Half-Life: 2.8 hour Half-Life Yeast: 10 min
Half-Life E.Coli: 2 min Aliphatic Index 45
Instability Index: 4422.12 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 4595
Absorbance 280nm: 90.1

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  8387282
  • Title:  Adrenomedullin: A Novel Hypotensive Peptide Isolated From Human Pheochromocytoma.
  • PubMed ID:  10217420
  • Title:   The RAMP2/CRLR Complex Is a Functional Adrenomedullin Receptor in Human Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.
  • PubMed ID:  16256216
  • Title:   Adrenomedullin inhibits angiotensin II-induced cont
  • PubMed ID:  24874704
  • Title: